Headache specialists classify headaches into two categories: primary and secondary.

Secondary headaches occur due to an identifiable cause, such as a brain tumor, infection, inflammatory condition, or sinus or dental health issues. These underlying conditions require medical treatment.

On the other hand, primary headaches have no identifiable cause following a routine medical evaluation.

Migraines fall into this category and are characterized by varying intensity. They are often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light, sound, or smells. Sometimes, migraines are preceded by warning symptoms.

Common triggers include hormonal changes, certain foods and drinks (including alcohol), lack of sleep, stress, and exercise.

If medical evaluations do not identify any disease or injury, or if treatments fail to provide expected improvement, it is likely that the brain plays a role in generating or contributing to the pain or illness. This is called a neuroplastic symptom.